Slow progress in tackling global obesity

Media Release - University of Auckland - 18 February 2015

Embargoed to 12.30pm Thursday 19 February 2015

Global progress towards tackling obesity has been “unacceptably slow”, with only one in four countries implementing a policy on healthy eating by 2010, according to a new six-part series on obesity, just published in The Lancet.

In less than a generation, rates of child obesity have risen dramatically worldwide. For example, in the USA children weigh on average five kilograms more than they did 30 years ago, and one in three children is now overweight or obese.

Although child obesity rates have started to level off in some cities and countries, no country to date has experienced declining rates of obesity across its population.

“The key to meeting the World Health Organisation’s target to achieve no further increase in obesity rates by 2025 will be strengthening accountability systems to support government leadership, constraining the role of the food industry in the formation of public policy, and encouraging civil society to create a demand for healthy food environments says Obesity Series lead author, Professor Boyd Swinburn from the Auckland of University.

The Series consists of six papers and was published to coincide with the Healthy Eating Research meeting in Baltimore (USA) where Professor Swinburn launched the Series.

New estimates produced for the Series suggest that cutting calorie consumption by just 200 kcal per day (equivalent to one 500ml bottle of cola) could reduce the bodyweight of children and adolescents in the general population to late 1970s levels.

In low- and middle-income countries, although stunting still affects over a fifth of children under five years of age, obesity has become the most common form of undernutrition.

This double burden that can affect the same population and the same individual, (characterised by undernourished infants who do not develop their full height but also have increased body mass index (BMI), highlights the importance of ensuring a supply of healthy food that is not jeopardised by the aggressive marketing of cheap, less nutritious products by multinational food companies, says Professor Swinburn.

“Undernutrition and overnutrition have many common drivers and solutions, so we now need to see an integrated nutrition policy that tackles both these issues together”, says Dr Tim Lobstein from the World Obesity Federation and co-author of the Series.

The food industry has a special interest in targeting children. Repeated exposure to highly processed foods and sweetened drinks during infancy builds taste preferences, brand loyalty, and high profits.

This year the global market for processed infant foods is expected to be worth a staggering $19 billion, up from $13.7 billion in 2007. Yet, few countries have taken regulatory steps to protect children from the negative health effects of obesity or implemented widely-recommended healthy food policies. Most have relied solely on voluntary moves by the food industry, with no evidence of their effectiveness.

“Our understanding of obesity must be completely reframed if we are to halt and reverse the global obesity epidemic. On one hand, we need to acknowledge that individuals bear some responsibility for their health, and on the other hand recognise that today’s food environments exploit people’s biological (eg innate preference for sweetened foods), psychological (eg marketing techniques), and social and economic (eg convenience and cost) vulnerabilities, making it easier for them to eat unhealthy foods”, says Dr Christina Roberto, from Harvard School of Public Health in the USA.

“It’s time to realise that this vicious cycle of supply and demand for unhealthy foods can be broken with ‘smart food policies’ by governments alongside joint efforts from industry and civil society to create healthier food systems.”

The Series authors call for food policies that change the nature of the food and consumer environment including the availability, price, and nutrition standards of food products, and the marketing practices that influence food choices and preferences.

Examples include: tighter supervision and international regulation of the food supply; an international code of food marketing to protect children’s health; regulating food nutritional quality in schools along with programmes to encourage healthy food preferences; taxes on unhealthy products such as sweetened drinks and subsidies on healthier foods for low-income families such as vouchers for fruit and vegetable boxes; and mandatory food labelling as an incentive for industry to produce more nutritional products.

The responsibility for reducing the prevalence of obesity goes far beyond governments, say the Series authors.

They make a number of hard-hitting recommendations for public health professionals and society, including the proposal that civil action is key to combating obesity. The authors point out that it was pressure from the public that saw smoking banned in public places in the UK, and access to health care granted to all people living with HIV/AIDs in South Africa.

Finally, say the authors, health professionals are poorly prepared to treat obesity. More must be done to improve health-care training, particularly to address biases about patients with obesity, and to improve care-delivery strategies, specifically for children with obesity for whom there are currently few treatment options.

ENDS

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