Cablegate: Spain: 1997 Annual Terrorism Report

R 020832Z DEC 97
FM AMEMBASSY MADRID
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 8589

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 MADRID 011809

S/CT FOR REAP

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PTER SP
SUBJECT: SPAIN: 1997 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

REF. STATE 203771

1. THE ONLY TERRORIST GROUP OPERATING IN SPAIN IS THE BASQUE
TERRORIST GROUP ETA (FATHERLAND AND LIBERTY), WHICH CONTINUED
IN 1997 ITS CAMPAIGN OF MURDER, BOMBINGS, KIDNAPPINGS, AND
STREET VIOLENCE. THE GOVERNMENT HAD SOME SUCCESS AGAINST ETA
DURING THE YEAR, WITH KEY ARRESTS IN SPAIN AND FRANCE AND
EXTRADITIONS OF ETA TERRORISTS FROM FRANCE AND LATIN AMERICA.
MANY LATIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS CONTINUE TO HARBOR ETA
TERRORISTS, HOWEVER, IN RESPONSE TO WHICH THE GOVERNMENT
LAUNCHED A CAMPAIGN TO CONVINCE LATIN AMERICAN AND OTHER
GOVERNMENTS OF THE TRUE NATURE OF ETA. THE MARXIST TERRORIST
GROUP "GRAPO" WAS INACTIVE IN 1997 AND SOME OF ITS LEADERS
WERE RELEASED FROM PRISON. SPAIN SOUGHT WITH LIMITED SUCCESS
AT THE JUNE EU SUMMIT IN AMSTERDAM TO SECURE AGREEMENT ON A
PROTOCOL AIMED AT PREVENTING AN EU MEMBER STATE FROM GRANTING
POLITICAL ASYLUM TO A NATIONAL OF ANOTHER EU MEMBER STATE.
ALSO IN 1997 THE AUTHORITIES BROKE UP A RING OF THE ALGERIAN
ISLAMIC TERRORIST GROUP GIA OPERATING IN SPAIN. THERE WERE NO
ACTS OF TERRORISM IN SPAIN IN 1997 AGAINST OR AFFECTING U.S.
CITIZENS OR FACILITIES.

THE FOLLOWING RESPONSES ARE KEYED TO PARAGRAPH 3 REFTEL.

A) ARRESTS AND PROSECUTIONS OF ETA TERRORISTS WERE ONGOING
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THERE ARE OVER 500 ETA TERRORISTS IN
SPANISH JAILS AND THE NUMBER IS INCREASING. FOR THE FIRST
TIME, THE GOVERNMENT MOVED IN 1997 TO PROSECUTE ETA'S
POLITICAL WING, THE HERRI BATASUNA (HB) POLITICAL PARTY, WHICH
HAS SEATS IN THE NATIONAL AND BASQUE REGIONAL PARLIAMENTS.
ALL 23 MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE (EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE)
OF THIS LEGAL POLITICAL PARTY WERE BROUGHT TO TRIAL IN OCTOBER
ON CHARGES OF VIOLATING THE SPANISH LAW CRIMINALIZING
COLLABORATION WITH AN ARMED BAND. THE CHARGE STEMS FROM HB'S
DISSEMINATION DURING THE 1996 NATIONAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN OF A
VIDEO CONTAINING FOOTAGE OF ETA TERRORISTS ADVOCATING
VIOLENCE. ON DECEMBER 1, SENTENCES OF SEVEN YEARS AND FINES
OF ABOUT 3,500 DOLLARS FOR EACH OF THE 23 WERE ANNOUNCED.

B) THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT HAS ENERGETICALLY SOUGHT
EXTRADITION FROM COUNTRIES IN WHICH ETA FUGITIVES RESIDE, AND
HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL, PARTICULARLY WITH REGARD TO FRANCE.
FRENCH-SPANISH COOPERATION IN 1997 HAS LED TO KEY ARRESTS OF
ETA LEADERS AND EXTRADITIONS FROM FRANCE TO SPAIN. JUST BEFORE
THE FRENCH-SPANISH SUMMIT IN DECEMBER, THE FRENCH INTERIOR
MINISTER ANNOUNCED THAT IN 1996, 144 PEOPLE DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY CONNECTED WITH ETA WERE ARRESTED ON FRENCH SOIL AND
IN THE FIRST 10 MONTHS OF 1997 53 SUCH PERSONS WERE ARRESTED,
23 OF THEM SPANISH BASQUES. THE MINISTER ADDED THAT 62 ETA
ACTIVISTS WERE TGRIED IN FRANCE IN 1997, AND THAT SINCE
JANUARY 1, 1996, 23 SPANISH ETA TERRORISTS WERE EXTRADITED AND
HANDED OVER TO SPANISH AUTHORITIES. SPAIN HAS ALSO SOUGHT
EXTRADITIONS FROM LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES. THE DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC AND MEXICO EXTRADITED ETA TERRORISTS TO SPAIN IN
1997. THERE HAVE BEEN NO TERRORIST RELATED U.S. REQUESTS FOR
EXTRADITION IN 1997.

C) THERE HAVE BEEN NO IMPEDIMENTS TO GOS PROSECUTION OR
EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS.

D) SPANISH GOVERNMENT LEADERS, INCLUDING PRESIDENT JOSE MARIA
AZNAR AND INTERIOR MINISTER JAIME MAYOR OREJA, HAVE
REPEATEDLY, FREQUENTLY, AND PUBLICLY DENOUNCED ETA TERRORISM.
THEY SIMILARLY SPEAK OUT PUBLICLY AGAINST TERRORIST INCIDENTS
IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND ELSEWHERE. FOLLOWING THE KIDNAPPING
AND MURDER OF A TOWN COUNSELOR IN JULY, THE GOS PUT FORWARD
LEGISLATION TO STRENGTHEN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST TERRORISM.
THE GOVERNMENT HAS NOT CHANGED ITS POLICY OF WILLINGNESS TO
ENGAGE IN A DIALOGUE WITH ETA PROVIDED ETA FIRST RENOUNCES
VIOLENCE.

E) THE DAILY REQUIREMENTS OF THE ONGOING STRUGGLE AGAINST ETA
CONSUME A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF THE TIME AND RESOURCES OF THE
GOS. THAT ASIDE, THE FOLLOWING INTERVENTIONS IN THE
INTERNATIONAL ARENA BY THE GOVERNMENT ARE NOTEWORTHY. IN
NOVEMBER 1996 SPAIN BECAME THE FIRST MEMBER OF THE EU TO
RATIFY THE EUROPEAN EXTRADITION TREATY SIGNED ON SEPTEMBER 27,
1996. SPAIN SIGNED A NUMBER OF EXTRADITION TREATIES WITH
LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES. THE GOS INTRODUCED MEASURES FOR
CONSIDERATION BY THE EU'S INTER-GOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE THAT
WOULD HAVE MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR A MEMBER STATE TO GRANT
POLITICAL ASYLUM TO A NATIONAL OF ANOTHER MEMBER STATE, BUT
DUE TO CONSIDERABLE OPPOSITION FROM CERTAIN EU MEMBERS, A MUCH
WATERED DOWN VERSION WAS EVENTUALLY APPROVED AT THE JUNE EU
AMSTERDAM SUMMIT. THE AGREED TEXT PRESERVES THE RIGHT TO
GRANT ASYLUM TO A NATIONAL OF ANOTHER EU MEMBER STATE BUT
MERELY REQUIRES THE ASYLUM GRANTING STATE TO INFORM THE
EUROPEAN COUNCIL (THE REST OF THE EU MEMBER STATES) OF ITS
ACTION. SPANISH CONCERN ON THIS ISSUE IS MOTIVATED BY THE
SEVERAL YEARS OLD REFUSAL OF BELGIUM TO EXTRADITE TWO ETA
TERRORISTS TO SPAIN ON THE GROUNDS THAT THE REQUEST FOR
POLITICAL ASYLUM OF THE TWO MUST BE RESOLVED IN THE BELGIAN
COURT SYSTEM FIRST. OTHER ACTIONS BY THE GOS DURING THE YEAR
INCLUDED THE MAKING AND DISTRIBUTION OF A VIDEO PURPORTING TO
TELL THE TRUE STORY OF ETA, INTENDED MAINLY FOR DISTRIBUTION
IN LATIN AMERICA, WHERE SOME GOVERNMENTS AND PUBLIC OPINION IN
SOME COUNTRIES CONTINUE TO VIEW ETA IN ROMANTIC, "FREEDOM
FIGHTER" TERMS. TO REINFORCE THE VIDEO, A BIPARTISAN
DELEGATION OF THE SPANISH PARLIAMENT TRAVELLED TO SELECTED
LATIN AMERICAN STATES TO REINFORCE THE MESSAGE OF THE VIDEO.
PRESIDENT AZNAR, ON A VISIT TO CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA,
ANNOUNCED THE SIGNING OF NEW EXTRADITION AGREEMENTS WITH
VARIOUS STATES OF THE REGION, INCLUDING PANAMA.

F) THERE WAS NO SPANISH GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR TERRORISM IN
1997.

G) THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT MADE NO PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN
SUPPORT OF A TERRORIST-SUPPORTING COUNTRY ON A TERRORISM ISSUE
IN 1997.

H) THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE SINCE 1996 IN THE SPANISH
GOVERNMENT'S ATTITUDE TOWARD TERRORISM, INTERNATIONAL OR
DOMESTIC.

I) UNDER THE NEW TRANSATLANTIC AGENDA, SIGNED IN MADRID IN
DECEMBER 1995, THE U.S. AND THE EU, OF WHICH SPAIN IS A
MEMBER, MAINTAIN ONGOING ANTI-TERRORIST COOPERATION ACROSS A
BROAD FRONT. THE FIRST BILATERAL COUNTERTERRORISM
CONSULTATIONS WITH THE U.S. TOOK PLACE IN MAY, WHEN THE GOS
HOSTED A DELEGATION LED BY THE DEPARTMENT COORDINATOR FOR
SECURITY AND COUNTER TERRORISM. THE GOS HAS REQUESTED THAT
BILATERAL TERRORISM CONSULTATIONS WITH THE U.S. BE
INSTITUTIONALIZED ON AN ANNUAL BASIS.

J) GOS COUNTERTERRORISM COOPERATION WITH THE U.S. IS
EXCELLENT. AN EXAMPLE OF THIS WAS THE DECEMBER 4, 1996
SPANISH EXTRADITION OF ACHILLE LAURO HIJACKER MAJID AL-MOLQI,
TO ITALY. GOS OFFICIALS WERE AWARE OF THE CONSIDERABLE U.S.
INTEREST IN AL-MOLQI'S EXTRADITION. AL MOLQI HAD FAILED TO
RETURN TO PRISON IN ROME IN FEBRUARY 1996 AT THE END OF A 12-
DAY PAROLE. HE WAS LATER PICKED UP IN SPAIN.

K) THE USG HAS NOT IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS SOUGHT SPANISH
COOPERATION IN THE PREVENTION OF ANY PARTICULAR ACT OF
INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AGAINST U.S. CITIZENS OR INTERESTS.

ROSSIN

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