SMC NZ Alert
12/10/09
Nanotech regulation 'can't wait', call for adaptive policies
Nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field, with hundreds of products containing nanomaterials already on the shelves and largely unknown health and environmental effects.
In a commentary published in top journal Nature Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury Professor Simon Brown critiques regulators' lack of decisive action.
He argues that callsNanotechnology, where it will receive wide international circulation, showing that New Zealand researchers are able to contribute at a high level in this area. The issues that are raised are important and, through the Royal Society Code of Ethics, we already require all of our scientists to strive to identify the impacts of their work (be it on nanomaterials or in any other area) and endeavour to assess and report on such impacts and seek to avoid or mitigate any adverse effects. This will include assisting the appropriate regulatory agencies if they need scientific input to adapt their governance and regulatory frameworks to account for issues that may arise with products containing new types of engineered nanomaterials."
Dr Donald Campbell, Principal Adviser (Public Health) at NZ Food Safety Authority, comments:
"I believe that the author's reasoning is based on a false premise. He assumes that it is the role of government to build confidence in these new technologies and in itself, and then argues for a system of regulation that he believes would achieve that end. He also argues against the Deficit Model, but then actually applies it himself (i.e. he recommends a governance model that is "informed", "transparent", "prospective" and "adaptive"). This leads him to some, in my opinion, costly and non-evidenced based from an effectiveness perspective regulatory proposals, such as mandatory labelling.
"A regulator's role is to ensure that unacceptable risks are not being posed. Determining what is acceptable is a social decision. Determining whether a product meets that standard is scientific.
"The author sees the public's confidence in the regulator as being an end in itself. Regulator's have an interest in the public's confidence, however that should not be their primary objective. They should be the best, most honest and most trustworthy regulator they can be, and the public's confidence should (but won't always) fall out of that endeavour.
In addition the author demonstrates a lack of understanding of science and how it works. For example, science is always questioning currently accepted theories and paradigms and does research testing them. This work has nothing to do with filling data gaps as his opening argument implies. Innovation should not be precluded simply because there is uncertainty; the risks arising from not having the new technology may be greater than the risks of living without it. New data will always influence scientific thinking and potentially lead to change. Regulators are always regulating in the face of uncertainty - it is something that they should understand and do, not wait until all uncertainty is gone before regulating."
Dr Shaun Hendy, Research
scientist, Industrial Research Limited (IRL) and MacDiarmid
Institute, comments:
"Dr Brown's article on the regulatory
challenges ahead posed by nanotechnologies raises an
important issue. In an industry where hazards are yet to be
quantified, how do we adapt regulatory regimes to address as
yet unknown risks? Risk can be quantified as the hazard from
exposure
multiplied by the probability of exposure. Dr
Brown argues that where hazard is unknown, we must ensure
that risk can be minimised by enabling consumers to minimise
exposure. This is a difficult task for policy makers: there
is no possibility of a cost/benefit analysis to help
determine the scale of the regulatory response and such
regulations will inevitably restrict consumers' access to
products that pose little hazard.
Nonetheless, I
understand that New Zealand will follow Australia's lead,
reviewing how well existing regulations encompass
nanotechnologies. The Australian report concludes that
"Whilst there is no immediate need for major changes to the
regulatory regimes, there are many areas of our regulatory
regimes which, potentially, will need amending, and this
will be a long term effort across multiple regulators and
regulatory agencies as nanoproducts arise and as new
knowledge on hazards, exposure and monitoring tools becomes
available." I suspect New Zealand will reach a
similar
conclusion, so it is important that the relevant regulatory
agencies maintain their awareness of nanotechnology and
monitor developments here and overseas."
Notes to Editors
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ENDS